Command of Evidence Lv Easy (Part1)

Sample of Food Items from Gemini Mission

Menus

Food item	Day	Meal
Sugar cookie cubes	1	B
Chicken and vegetables	2	B
Shrimp cocktail	4	C
Hot cocoa	3	A

To make sure they got the nutrition they needed while in space, the astronauts of NASA’s Gemini missions were given menus for three meals a day (meals A, B, and C) on a four-day rotating schedule. Looking at the sample of food items from these menus, a student notes that on day 1, the menu included ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

Scientists have long believed that giraffes are mostly silent and communicate only visually with one another. But biologist Angela Stöger and her team analyzed hundreds of hours of recordings of giraffes in three European zoos and found that giraffes make a very low-pitched humming sound. The researchers claim that the giraffes use these sounds to communicate when it’s not possible for them to signal one another visually.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support Stöger and her team’s claim?

Time Participants Spent Reading about Five London Museums

Museum Name	Ranking	Percentage of total time spent reading about museum by participants provided with ranking	Percentage of total time spent reading about museum by participants not provided with ranking
British Museum	1	36	18
National Gallery	2	21	20
Tate Modern	4	16	17
Victoria and Albert Museum	5	14	23
Natural History Museum	3	13	22

Researchers recently conducted an experiment to understand how we use rankings to make decisions. They created a fictitious travel website describing five museums in London. Then, they invited two groups of participants, who had never visited the museums, to review the site and select the museum they would be most likely to visit. Meanwhile, the researchers tracked the amount of time each participant spent reading about each museum. For one group, the website ranked each museum, titling the page “The Top 5 Museums in London.” For the other group, the museums and their descriptions were not ranked. The researchers concluded that when reviewing ranked lists, we tend to focus on the topranked option.

Which choice best describes data in the table that support the researchers’ conclusion?

Number and Origin of Clamshell Tools Found at Different Depths below the Surface in Neanderthal Cave

Depth of tools found below surface in cave (meters)	Clamshells that Neanderthals collected from the beach	Clamshells that Neanderthals harvested from the seafloor
2–3	7	0
3–4	99	33
4–5	2	0
5–6	18	7
6–7	1	0

Two kinds of clamshell tools used by Neanderthals were dug up in a cave on the western coast of Italy. Archaeologist Paola Villa and her colleagues studied the tools and determined that Neanderthals either collected clams that had washed onto the beach or harvested clams from the seafloor and then sharpened the shells to make tools. The highest number of tools made from clamshells that were collected from the beach was found at a depth of ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Some residents in a neighborhood in Atlanta recently founded a community garden inside a local park. The residents agreed to volunteer to take care of the garden together. Students at a local high school surveyed some of the volunteers as part of a project to understand the impact of the new garden. The students concluded that the new garden benefited the community overall by fostering connections and relationships between the volunteers and other residents of the neighborhood who weren’t volunteering at the garden.

Which quotation from a survey respondent would best illustrate the students’ conclusion?

A museum curator is writing a biographical statement about Trinidadian-born Chinese dancer, choreographer, and teacher Dai Ailian for a new exhibit on Chinese dance. The curator claims that some of the pieces Dai created shortly after arriving in mainland China in 1941, such as the solo dance Yao Drum, reflect a desire to represent the dances of local communities Dai visited during her travels through China.

Which quotation from a work by a dance historian would be the most effective evidence for the curator to include in support of this claim?

The Milky Way galaxy is composed of millions of stars in a relatively flat structure containing a thin disk and a thick disk.

Based on computer simulations and analysis of data on the brightness, position, and chemical composition of about

250,000 stars in the thick disk (collected from two telescopes, one in China and one orbiting in space), astrophysicists Maosheng Xiang and Hans-Walter Rix claim that the thick disk of the Milky Way formed in two distinct phases rather than a single one.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers’ claim?

Percent of Residents of City Areas in Favor of Adding More Bike Paths

City Area	Percent of area’s residents in favor of adding more bike paths
North East	12%
North Central	26%
North West	46%
South West	88%
South Central	33%

A city’s Parks and Recreation department is interested in providing residents with more opportunities for bicycling in their neighborhoods. They’re considering adding more bike paths and conducted a survey to understand where demand for more bike paths is highest. The survey indicated the highest level of demand, with 88 percent of the residents interested in adding more bike paths, is in the city’s ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

Daily Distance Traveled by Adult Mountain Lions in Three Seasons

Season	Kilometers per day traveled by adult females	Kilometers per day traveled by adult males
cold-dry	9.28	15.81
monsoon	12.64	18.93
hot-dry	12.48	18.87

Wildlife researcher Dana L. Karelus and her colleagues tracked the movements of female and male adult mountain lions over three seasons: the cold-dry season, the hot-dry season, and the monsoon season. They found that the least amount of travel per day occurred in ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

Effect of Paywall Introduction on Newspaper Companies’ Revenues

Newspaper	Total revenue change ($ in thousands)	Percentage change (%)	Newspaper size
Los Angeles Times	93,966	12.5	large
The New York Times	235,788	20	large
The Denver Post	−3,765	−1	small
Sun Sentinel	−24,899	−11.9	small
Chicago Tribune	94,492	19	large

Digital paywalls restrict access to online content to those with a paid subscription. In an investigation of the effect of paywalls on newspaper company revenues for print and digital subscriptions and advertising, Doug J. Chung and colleagues compared actual outcomes (with a paywall) to control estimates (without a paywall). The researchers concluded that introducing a paywall is generally more beneficial for larger newspapers, which have high circulation and tend to offer a substantial amount of unique online content.

Which choice best describes data from the table that support Chung and colleagues’ conclusion?

Organic farming is a method of growing food that tries to reduce environmental harm by using natural forms of pest control and avoiding fertilizers made with synthetic materials. Organic farms are still a small fraction of the total farms in the United States, but they have been becoming more popular. According to the US Department of Agriculture, in 2016 California had between 2,600 and 2,800 organic farms and ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text?

When magma moves underneath a volcano, it causes the surface of the volcano to change. This is known as deformation. Researchers recently calculated the amount of deformation occurring each month for five volcanoes in Latin America. Although Sierra Negra experienced a lot of deformation, its deformation rate was still lower than that of ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the statement?

In addition to her technical skill and daring feats, American stunt pilot Bessie Coleman was also known for dazzling the crowds that came to watch her air shows in the 1920s with her exuberant personality. During her career, she was careful and purposeful about how she crafted her public persona. An aviation researcher has claimed that Coleman intentionally defied social norms of the time by how she chose to present herself to the public.

Which quotation from an article about Coleman would most directly support the aviation researcher’s claim?

American fashion designer Patrick Kelly was known for his love of colorful buttons. Many of his signature dresses feature bold assortments of buttons throughout the garment. In a paper, a fashion design student claims that Kelly’s use of buttons as decoration was inspired by his childhood observations of the styles and actions of the women in his family.

Which quotation from a work by a historian would be the most effective evidence for the student to include in support of this claim?

Mangroves are trees or bushes that grow on the coastlines of seas and rivers. Areas with mangroves are great places for young fish since they help keep these fish fed and protected while they grow. To study the importance of mangroves to young fish, researchers Mohamed A.Abu El-Regal and Nesreen K. Ibrahim collected and identified young fish from three different mangrove sites in the Egyptian Red Sea. They collected fish in the winter, spring, and autumn of 2010, collecting a total of 269 fish from 21 different species. For some species, more fish were collected in the winter than the other two seasons, for instance: ______

Which choice most effectively uses the data in the graph to complete the example?

Maximum Height of Maple Trees When Fully Grown

Tree type	Maximum height (feet)	Native to North America
Sugar maple	75	yes
Silver maple	70	yes
Red maple	60	yes
Japanese maple	25	no
Norway maple	50	no

For a school project, a forestry student needs to recommend a maple tree that is native to North America and won’t grow more than 60 feet in height. Based on the characteristics of five common maple trees, she has decided to select a ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Hip-hop pedagogy is a form of teaching that’s gaining popularity across school subjects. It involves incorporating hip-hop and rap music into lessons as well as using hip-hop elements when teaching other subject matters. For example, Quan Neloms’s students look for college-level vocabulary and historical events in rap songs. Researchers claim that in addition to developing students’ social justice awareness, hip-hop pedagogy encourages student success by raising students’ interest and engagement.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the underlined claim?

“The Rock and the Sea” is an 1893 poem by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the poem, a rock is portrayed as intending to confront and restrain the sea: ______

Which quotation from “The Rock and the Sea” most effectively illustrates the claim?

Guilds in French Cities in the Late Eighteenth Century

City	Date	Inhabitants	Number of guilds	Inhabitants per guild
Paris	1766	600,000	133	4,511
Bordeaux	1762	80,000	49	1,633
Rouen	1775	74,000	112	661
Lyon	1789	143,000	72	1,986

Guilds—local associations of artisans and merchants in the same industry—were widespread in France from the medieval period until the late eighteenth century. But guilds were much more numerous relative to the population in some cities than in others: for example, ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?